Bookbinding.



No. 879,573. PATENTED FEB. 18, 1908.

M. C. NEUNER.

BOOKBINDING. APPLIUATION FILED NOV. 11.1907.

Zrkvervfar M Zzrt 6%(0 zer- 30 thickness between the covers, and withthis improvement the thickness of a leaf is the UNITED STATES PATENT onnron MARTIN C. NEUNER, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

BOOKBINDING.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

Patented Feb. 18, 1908.

Application filed November 11; 1907- Serial No. 401.761.

vention is to prevent the leaves from tearing out at the sewing, or in the case of loose leaf systems to prevent tearing at the binding devices, while in either case maintaining an even thickness throughout the pack of leaves.

The im rovement is of very great value particular y in binding governmental, mu-

- nicipal, or other permanent records. For

example, a book in which transfers of real estate are recorded is in constant use and the leaves soon become torn out and it is necessary to reco y these records in a new book which entails great labor and expense.

Books of this character constructed in 2.0-

cordance with this improvement will last indefinitely, and the enormous expense of recopying is avoided, and besides this, loss of sheets torn from the binding threads or devices is obviated- In bindin is particularly desirable to em ody the greatest. number of pages possible within a given same throughout, so that in the book there is no swell at the binding ed es of the leaves at the back of the book. With the voluminous records this is essential, as it is thus possible to concentrate the greatest number of leaves within a given compass, whereas the back edge of the leaves were swelled, a book, when bound, would contain, for example, only about half as many leaves as would be contained by a book constructed with this improvement.

The im rovement is-of equal value in the construction of loose leaf books such, for example, as rice books or-catalo ues, as it is a considerab le job to transcribe data or rices in a catalogue or price book, and suchooks as are ordinarily constructed very quickly wear out at the binding and necessitate rewriting on fresh sheets. Again, in certain -well known types of loose leaf binders the sheets are attached to rings, and the erforated portions of the sheets have a Sll mg motion circumferentially on the rings as the such books it.

sheets are turnedover, thus quickly wearing out the paper even though the apers are not careless y pulled edgewise. "T e present imtype of book.

A further advantage is that it is possible to write clear to the extreme inneredge of the leaf on either face of the leaf. v

. In thedrawings I have shown laves of various typeswith portions ofthe associto the drawings :Figure l is a Iperspective view, partly in cross section, of a s ed fora loose leafbook. Fig. 2 is a sim ar ment. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a folded leaf constructed with this im rovement and adjacent portions of the binding sewed book. Fig. 4 is a. sectional view showing a series ofleaves as employed in a loose leaf binder of the ring fastener type.

the leaves has been greatly magnified in order to illustrate the construction clearly.

In one form the invention comprises a pation thereof, a binding thread or device passing through the orifice, and a fibrous material permanently incorporated in the binding portion of the leaf, the pulp of the paper penetrating the interstices of the fi rous material and being intimately intercombined therewith, the fibrous material surrounding the orifice and binding device whereby the drawi strain of the binding thread or device is fiorne by the fibrous threads of the reinforcement and the pulp relieved of" such strain. 1

In Fi 1, 1 designates the sheet of paper the bin 'ng edge of. which is provided with vices, not shown, are adapted to. pass to hold the sheet in place. At this edge-of the leaf a reinforcing material such, for example, as a fabric 3, is incorporated intimately with the ing edge thereof and surrounding the crmanufacture, and t e reinforcement displaces a corresponding amount of pa er pulp 'whereby the thickness of the leaf is not greater at the binding edge than at any other place. The pulp of the paper interpeneated binding threads or devices,and referring eet ada tview showing a modified form of a reinforcev elements, this form of leaf being used in a In all views of the drawing the thickness of per leaf having an orifice in the binding porforations 2. 'This reinforcement is app 'ed to the pulp of the pa er while in process ofprovement is thus of great advantage in this I perforations 2 with which the fastening depulp of thepaper extending alongthe bindtrates the interstices of the fabric and a per- -.manent union is thuseffected between the reinforcement and the pulp, the reinforcemen t being thus an integral art of the sheet.

Fig. 2 shows a slight modi cation in which, instead of the fabric 3, a number of threads or fibers 4 are incorporated in the binding eellge. These threads are sprinkled on the p p while the aper is in the process of manufacture, and t 's reinforcement has the same effect as theprecedi onereferred to.

Fig. 3 shows a doub e sheet 5 with a folded.

binding portion 6." Either the fabric 3 or threads-4 may be employed to reinforce the binding ortion 6 as maybe desired. 7 in- *dicates t e binding thread which is sewed through the binding ortion' and engages with ta e Sand, threa s 9' which are to be attache vto the covers, not shown. It will be noted that the formof leaf .shown 3 is particularly liable to be torn at the bin ing part inasmuch as the thread 7 is small and easily cuts or tears the paper, but with the present improvement cutting or tearing is prevented, as-the reinforcement bears the drawing strains and prevents the cutting action of the thread, thus relieving the pulp from strain; Q

In Fig; 4 a few leaves 10 are shown, which may be reinforced either as shown in Fig. 1,

. or as shown in Fig. 2, which are connected to a .bindin ring 11. This view clearly shows how t e leaves may lie flatly against each other, there being no swell in the leaves; and graphically shows the contact of the reinforcement with the ring 11 so that as one or more leaves are turned over and-their perforated portions slide circumferentially on 'the ringll, the friction and sliding near is borne by the reinforcement, whereas without the reinforcement this sliding wear and friction'very quickly wears the lnnermost edges of the leaves at the perforations sothat in a short time, even with careful use, the perforations become opened clear tothe edge of the leaves and the leaf becomes detached. It will be observed that with any form of this improvement it is possible to write clear to the nner edge of each sheet on either face of thesheet, that the reinforcement is invisible and doesnot mar the appearance of the sheet, and that there is no protuberance to peel off the sheet.

What I claim is v 1. A paper leaf having an orifice in the binding portion thereof, a bindin' thread or device passing through the ori ce, and a fibrous material permanently incorporated in r the binding portlon of the leaf, the pulp of the aper penetrating the interstices ofthe fibrous material and being .intimately intercombine'd therewith, the, fibrous material surrounding the orifice and binding device whereby drawing strain of thebinding thread or device is borne by the fibrous threads of the reinforcement and the pulp relieved of such strain. I

2; A pa er leaf in the binding portion of which a fi rous material is permanently incorporated, the pulp ofthe aper penetrating the interstices of the filirous material, the paperbeing punctured through the reinforced portion for the passa e of the binding thread or device, whereby rawing strain of the binding thread or. device is borne by the fibrous threads of the reinforcement and the pulp.. reliev'ed of such strain.

3. A series of paper leaves, a fibrous material permanently incorporated in the binding portion of each leaf, the fibrous material interpenetrating the interstices of the pulp I of the paper, and binding threads or devices passing t roughithe pulp and fibrous material, whereb the drawing strains of the threads. or binding devices are borne by the fibrous material and thepulp relieved of such v strain.

4. A series of aper leaves arranged in pack form, their Binding ed es having orifi'ces, binding threads or evices passing through the orifices, a reinforcing material incorporated permanently in the binding portion of each leaf and dis lacing a corresponding amount of paper pu p whereby the pack of 

